[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":830},["ShallowReactive",2],{"lexique-en-lipids-fats":3,"lexique-all-en":319,"lexique-trans-en-lipids-fats":824},{"id":4,"title":5,"author":6,"body":7,"category":302,"description":303,"extension":304,"faq":305,"lang":306,"lead":305,"letter":307,"meta":308,"navigation":309,"path":310,"ref":13,"related":305,"resources":305,"seo":311,"sources":312,"stem":316,"updated":317,"__hash__":318},"lexique/lexique/en/lipids-fats.md","Lipids (Fats)","Ekklo",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":291},"minimark",[10,14,19,31,38,41,48,51,56,89,91,94,96,100,104,107,111,114,118,138,142,149,151,155,215,217,221,225,242,246,257,259,263,274,276,280],[11,12,5],"h1",{"id":13},"lipids-fats",[15,16,18],"h4",{"id":17},"definition","Definition",[20,21,22,26,27,30],"p",{},[23,24,25],"strong",{},"Lipids"," (fats) are macromolecules representing a ",[23,28,29],{},"concentrated energy source"," and playing vital roles in the body.",[20,32,33,34,37],{},"1 gram delivers ",[23,35,36],{},"9 kcal",", more than double protein or carbs.",[39,40],"blockquote",{},[20,42,43,44,47],{},"💡 Contrary to long-held belief, eating fat does not directly make you fat. ",[23,45,46],{},"Excess calories"," cause weight gain, regardless of the source.",[49,50],"hr",{},[52,53,55],"h3",{"id":54},"why-lipids-are-essential","Why lipids are essential",[57,58,59,66,72,78,84],"ul",{},[60,61,62,65],"li",{},[23,63,64],{},"Hormone production",": testosterone, estrogens (made from cholesterol)",[60,67,68,71],{},[23,69,70],{},"Cell membranes",": 50% lipid-based",[60,73,74,77],{},[23,75,76],{},"Nervous system",": the brain is 60% fat",[60,79,80,83],{},[23,81,82],{},"Vitamin absorption",": A, D, E, K",[60,85,86],{},[23,87,88],{},"Long-term energy reserve",[39,90],{},[20,92,93],{},"⚠️ Going below 0.5 g/kg/day of lipids can drop your testosterone by 20-30% in weeks.",[49,95],{},[52,97,99],{"id":98},"types-of-lipids","Types of lipids",[15,101,103],{"id":102},"_1-saturated-fats","1. Saturated fats",[20,105,106],{},"Stable when cooked. Sources: butter, fatty meats, cheese, coconut oil. Recommended: moderate (10-15% of total calories).",[15,108,110],{"id":109},"_2-monounsaturated-fats-omega-9","2. Monounsaturated fats (omega-9)",[20,112,113],{},"Sources: olive oil, avocado, almonds. Role: cardiovascular health. Prioritize (15-20%).",[15,115,117],{"id":116},"_3-polyunsaturated-fats-omega-3-and-6","3. Polyunsaturated fats (omega-3 and 6)",[57,119,120,126,132],{},[60,121,122,125],{},[23,123,124],{},"Omega-3",": fatty fish, flax seeds, walnuts",[60,127,128,131],{},[23,129,130],{},"Omega-6",": vegetable oils (sunflower, corn)",[60,133,134,137],{},[23,135,136],{},"Ideal ratio",": 1:4 — modern diets are too omega-6 heavy",[15,139,141],{"id":140},"_4-trans-fats-avoid","4. Trans fats (avoid)",[20,143,144,145,148],{},"From industrial hydrogenation. ",[23,146,147],{},"Highly harmful",". Sources: margarines, pastries, fast food.",[49,150],{},[52,152,154],{"id":153},"how-much-per-day","How much per day?",[156,157,158,171],"table",{},[159,160,161],"thead",{},[162,163,164,168],"tr",{},[165,166,167],"th",{},"Profile",[165,169,170],{},"Recommended intake",[172,173,174,183,191,199,207],"tbody",{},[162,175,176,180],{},[177,178,179],"td",{},"Hormonal minimum",[177,181,182],{},"0.8 g/kg/day",[162,184,185,188],{},[177,186,187],{},"Cutting",[177,189,190],{},"0.8 - 1 g/kg/day",[162,192,193,196],{},[177,194,195],{},"Maintenance",[177,197,198],{},"1 - 1.2 g/kg/day",[162,200,201,204],{},[177,202,203],{},"Bulking",[177,205,206],{},"1 - 1.5 g/kg/day",[162,208,209,212],{},[177,210,211],{},"Ketogenic diet",[177,213,214],{},"2 - 3 g/kg/day",[49,216],{},[52,218,220],{"id":219},"best-sources","Best sources",[15,222,224],{"id":223},"prioritize","Prioritize",[57,226,227,230,233,236,239],{},[60,228,229],{},"🥑 Avocado: 15 g/fruit",[60,231,232],{},"🐟 Salmon, sardines, mackerel: 10-15 g/100g",[60,234,235],{},"🌰 Almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts: 50-60 g/100g",[60,237,238],{},"🥚 Whole eggs: 5 g/egg",[60,240,241],{},"🫒 Extra virgin olive oil",[15,243,245],{"id":244},"avoid","Avoid",[57,247,248,251,254],{},[60,249,250],{},"❌ Hydrogenated margarines",[60,252,253],{},"❌ Refined oils reheated multiple times",[60,255,256],{},"❌ Ultra-processed ready meals",[49,258],{},[52,260,262],{"id":261},"myths-to-debunk","Myths to debunk",[57,264,265,268,271],{},[60,266,267],{},"❌ \"Fat makes you fat\": total calories matter",[60,269,270],{},"❌ \"Eggs are bad for the heart\": false, excellent nutrient source",[60,272,273],{},"❌ \"Avoid all saturated fats\": essential in moderate amounts",[49,275],{},[52,277,279],{"id":278},"key-takeaways","Key takeaways",[20,281,282,283,286,287,290],{},"Lipids are ",[23,284,285],{},"not the enemy",". Aim for 1 g/kg/day, prioritize good sources (fatty fish, avocado, nuts, olive oil), avoid trans fats. ",[23,288,289],{},"Cutting fats below 0.8 g/kg = sabotaging your testosterone",".",{"title":292,"searchDepth":293,"depth":293,"links":294},"",2,[295,297,298,299,300,301],{"id":54,"depth":296,"text":55},3,{"id":98,"depth":296,"text":99},{"id":153,"depth":296,"text":154},{"id":219,"depth":296,"text":220},{"id":261,"depth":296,"text":262},{"id":278,"depth":296,"text":279},"nutrition","Lipids are essential for hormone production and vitamin absorption. Discover your needs, the right sources and their role in bodybuilding.","md",null,"en","L",{},true,"/lexique/en/lipids-fats",{"title":5,"description":303},[313],{"label":314,"url":315},"Dietary fats and health — overview (WHO)","https://www.who.int","lexique/en/lipids-fats","2026-07-27","uvpWyEmCOUQKpY0UGlotMC88WZuzx0KLUXBeRc049yA",[320,324,328,332,336,340,344,348,352,356,360,364,368,372,376,380,384,388,392,396,400,404,408,412,416,420,424,428,432,436,440,444,448,452,455,459,463,467,471,475,479,483,487,491,495,499,503,507,511,515,519,523,527,531,535,539,543,547,551,555,559,563,567,571,572,576,580,583,587,591,595,599,603,607,611,615,619,623,627,631,635,639,643,647,651,655,659,663,667,672,676,680,684,688,692,696,700,704,708,712,716,720,724,728,732,736,740,744,748,752,756,760,764,768,772,776,780,784,788,792,796,800,804,808,812,816,820],{"title":321,"description":322,"slug":323,"ref":323},"1RM (One-Rep Max)","1RM is the heaviest load you can lift for one clean repetition — the reference for strength programming and percentages.","one-rep-max",{"title":325,"description":326,"slug":327,"ref":327},"AMRAP - As Many Reps/Rounds As Possible","AMRAP is a high-intensity training format: do as many reps or rounds as possible in a fixed time. CrossFit favorite.","amrap-as-many-reps-rounds-as-possible",{"title":329,"description":330,"slug":331,"ref":331},"ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)","ATP is the universal energy currency of the body. Every muscle contraction, every cellular function depends on it.","atp-adenosine-triphosphate",{"title":333,"description":334,"slug":335,"ref":335},"Abduction","Discover what abduction is in bodybuilding, this movement which moves a limb away from the central axis of the body to develop the stabilizing muscles.","abduction",{"title":337,"description":338,"slug":339,"ref":339},"Active recovery","Active recovery uses light activity to speed muscle recovery. Find out how to effectively integrate it into your routine.","active-recovery",{"title":341,"description":342,"slug":343,"ref":343},"Adduction","Adduction is a movement that brings a body part toward the body's midline. Opposite of abduction.","adduction",{"title":345,"description":346,"slug":347,"ref":347},"Aerobic System","The aerobic system produces energy with oxygen, fueling long-duration efforts. It's the foundation of endurance and recovery.","aerobic-system",{"title":349,"description":350,"slug":351,"ref":351},"Anabolic window","The anabolic window is the post-workout period considered ideal for nutrition. The reality: it's much longer than thought.","anabolic-window",{"title":353,"description":354,"slug":355,"ref":355},"Anaerobic System","The anaerobic system produces energy without oxygen — for explosive, intense efforts. Limited but powerful, it fuels strength and sprints.","anaerobic-system",{"title":357,"description":358,"slug":359,"ref":359},"BCAA","BCAAs are 3 essential branched-chain amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, valine. Discover their real usefulness, timing, and whether you actually need them.","bcaa",{"title":361,"description":362,"slug":363,"ref":363},"BMI","BMI (Body Mass Index) is a quick health screening tool, but it doesn't account for body composition. Limited but useful.","bmi-body-mass-index",{"title":365,"description":366,"slug":367,"ref":367},"BMR","BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is your resting metabolism — the calories burned just to stay alive. Learn how to calculate and optimize it for your fitness goals.","bmr",{"title":369,"description":370,"slug":371,"ref":371},"Beta-alanine","Beta-alanine is an amino acid that raises muscle carnosine and can help buffering in efforts of ~1–4 minutes; tingles (paresthesia) are common.","beta-alanine",{"title":373,"description":374,"slug":375,"ref":375},"Block periodization","Block periodization concentrates training into focused blocks (accumulation, intensification, realization) with clear priorities.","block-periodization",{"title":377,"description":378,"slug":379,"ref":379},"Blood flow restriction (BFR)","BFR training uses cuffs to partially restrict blood flow so lighter loads can still stimulate hypertrophy — with safety constraints.","blood-flow-restriction",{"title":381,"description":382,"slug":383,"ref":383},"Body fat percentage","Body fat percentage measures the share of fat in your total body mass. A key indicator of body composition.","body-fat-percentage",{"title":385,"description":386,"slug":387,"ref":387},"Body recomposition","Body recomposition is gaining muscle and losing fat at the same time. Possible but slow — discover the conditions for success.","body-recomposition",{"title":389,"description":390,"slug":391,"ref":391},"Bodyweight","Bodyweight training uses your own body as resistance. No equipment, anywhere, scalable to any level.","bodyweight",{"title":393,"description":394,"slug":395,"ref":395},"Caffeine","Caffeine is a stimulant that can raise alertness and training performance; dose and timing matter for sleep and anxiety.","caffeine",{"title":397,"description":398,"slug":399,"ref":399},"Calisthenics","Calisthenics builds strength and skill primarily with bodyweight patterns (push-ups, pull-ups, dips, levers) and progressive variations.","calisthenics",{"title":401,"description":402,"slug":403,"ref":403},"Calorie Maintenance","Caloric maintenance is the calorie level keeping your weight stable. Foundation of any nutritional plan.","calorie-maintenance",{"title":405,"description":406,"slug":407,"ref":407},"Calorie Surplus","A caloric surplus means consuming more calories than you burn. Mandatory mechanism for serious muscle building.","calorie-surplus",{"title":409,"description":410,"slug":411,"ref":411},"Calorie deficit","A caloric deficit means consuming fewer calories than you burn. It's the only proven mechanism for fat loss. Learn how to set yours up properly.","calorie-deficit",{"title":413,"description":414,"slug":415,"ref":415},"Calories","Calories measure the energy provided by food. Understanding your caloric needs is the foundation of every fitness goal.","calories",{"title":417,"description":418,"slug":419,"ref":419},"Carbohydrates","Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for intense training. Discover your needs, the different types and their role in performance.","carbohydrates",{"title":421,"description":422,"slug":423,"ref":423},"Casein","Casein is a slower-digesting dairy protein, often used between meals or at night to help hit daily protein targets.","casein",{"title":425,"description":426,"slug":427,"ref":427},"Circuit training","Circuit training chains several exercises with little rest. Ideal for burning calories and improving cardiovascular fitness while keeping muscle.","circuit-training",{"title":429,"description":430,"slug":431,"ref":431},"Cluster sets","Cluster sets break a set into mini-bouts with short intra-set rests to keep bar speed and load high — useful for strength and power.","cluster-sets",{"title":433,"description":434,"slug":435,"ref":435},"Collagen","Collagen is a structural protein; supplements may support connective tissue goals but are incomplete for total muscle protein needs.","collagen",{"title":437,"description":438,"slug":439,"ref":439},"Compound exercise","A compound exercise trains several joints and muscle groups at once (squat, hinge, press, pull) — high return for strength and hypertrophy.","compound-exercise",{"title":441,"description":442,"slug":443,"ref":443},"Concentric (Phase)","The concentric phase is the lifting movement, where the muscle shortens under load. It's the active phase that produces force.","concentric-phase",{"title":445,"description":446,"slug":447,"ref":447},"Cool-down","A cool-down is light activity after hard work to gradually lower intensity; useful for feel and transition, not magic recovery.","cool-down",{"title":449,"description":450,"slug":451,"ref":451},"Creatine","Creatine is the most studied supplement in sports nutrition, proven to boost strength, power and muscle mass. Learn dosage, timing and real benefits.","creatine",{"title":187,"description":453,"slug":454,"ref":454},"A cutting phase is a period of caloric deficit aimed at losing fat while preserving muscle. Discover how to do it without losing your hard-earned gains.","dried",{"title":456,"description":457,"slug":458,"ref":458},"DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)","DOMS is the muscle soreness that appears 24-72h after exercise. Discover its causes, how to manage it, and what it really means for your progress.","doms-delayed-onset-muscle-soreness",{"title":460,"description":461,"slug":462,"ref":462},"Deload","Deload is an active recovery week where you intentionally reduce volume and intensity to allow your body to fully recover and come back stronger.","deload",{"title":464,"description":465,"slug":466,"ref":466},"Dietary fiber","Dietary fiber supports satiety, digestion and cardiometabolic health; useful in fat-loss adherence plans.","dietary-fiber",{"title":468,"description":469,"slug":470,"ref":470},"Dropset","A dropset extends a set by reducing the load when failure hits. Powerful intensification method for hypertrophy.","dropset",{"title":472,"description":473,"slug":474,"ref":474},"EMOM - Every Minute On the Minute","EMOM (Every Minute On the Minute) is a training format where you start a set at the top of each minute and rest until the next.","emom-every-minute-on-the-minute",{"title":476,"description":477,"slug":478,"ref":478},"Eccentric (Phase)","The eccentric phase is the lowering movement, where the muscle lengthens under tension. It's the most damaging phase and the key driver of hypertrophy.","eccentric-phase",{"title":480,"description":481,"slug":482,"ref":482},"Electrolytes","Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium…) are minerals that conduct electrical signals and help fluid balance, especially with heavy sweating.","electrolytes",{"title":484,"description":485,"slug":486,"ref":486},"Exercise selection","Exercise selection is choosing movements that fit the goal, equipment, anatomy and skill — the foundation of a good program.","exercise-selection",{"title":488,"description":489,"slug":490,"ref":490},"Extension","Extension is the anatomical movement that increases the angle between two body segments. Opposite of flexion.","extension",{"title":492,"description":493,"slug":494,"ref":494},"Fat mass","Fat mass is the total weight of fat tissue. Essential for survival, but excess harms health and aesthetics.","fat-mass",{"title":496,"description":497,"slug":498,"ref":498},"Fibers","Muscle fibers are the cells that make up muscle. Two main types — Type I (slow) and Type II (fast) — define your physical potential.","fibers",{"title":500,"description":501,"slug":502,"ref":502},"Flexion","Flexion is the anatomical movement that decreases the angle between two body segments. Opposite of extension.","flexion",{"title":504,"description":505,"slug":506,"ref":506},"Foam rolling","Foam rolling is a myofascial self-massage technique to release muscle tension. Find out how to use it effectively to improve recovery and mobility.","foam-rolling",{"title":508,"description":509,"slug":510,"ref":510},"For Time","For Time is a training format where you complete a fixed amount of work as fast as possible. Race against the clock.","for-time",{"title":512,"description":513,"slug":514,"ref":514},"Full Body","A full body program trains all major muscle groups in each session, 2-4 times per week. Ideal for beginners and strength training.","full-body",{"title":516,"description":517,"slug":518,"ref":518},"German Volume Training (GVT)","GVT is a high-volume hypertrophy scheme classically built around 10×10 on big lifts with short rests — very fatiguing.","german-volume-training",{"title":520,"description":521,"slug":522,"ref":522},"Glycogen","Glycogen is the storage form of carbohydrate in muscle and liver — the primary fuel for hard training.","glycogen",{"title":524,"description":525,"slug":526,"ref":526},"HIIT","HIIT (High-Intensity Interval Training) alternates short hard efforts with recovery to improve fitness and calorie burn in less time.","hiit",{"title":528,"description":529,"slug":530,"ref":530},"Hydration","Hydration is maintaining fluid balance for performance, cognition and recovery — water plus electrolytes when sweat losses are high.","hydration",{"title":532,"description":533,"slug":534,"ref":534},"Hypertrophy","Muscle hypertrophy is the increase in muscle fiber size. It's the primary mechanism behind muscle growth from resistance training.","hypertrophy",{"title":536,"description":537,"slug":538,"ref":538},"Hypertrophy Training","Hypertrophy training aims to maximize muscle growth using moderate loads (65-85% 1RM) with 8-15 repetitions per set.","hypertrophy-training",{"title":540,"description":541,"slug":542,"ref":542},"Intermittent fasting","Intermittent fasting restricts eating to time windows; fat loss still depends mainly on calorie balance and protein.","intermittent-fasting",{"title":544,"description":545,"slug":546,"ref":546},"Intra-workout","Intra-workout refers to nutrition consumed during training to maintain energy, hydration and performance on long sessions.","intra-workout",{"title":548,"description":549,"slug":550,"ref":550},"Isolation exercise","An isolation exercise targets mainly one joint and one muscle group (curl, lateral raise, leg extension) to add local volume or correct imbalances.","isolation-exercise",{"title":552,"description":553,"slug":554,"ref":554},"Isometric","Isometric contraction is when the muscle produces tension without changing length. No visible movement, intense work.","isometric-contraction",{"title":556,"description":557,"slug":558,"ref":558},"LISS","LISS (Low-Intensity Steady State) is continuous easy cardio at a conversational pace — useful for recovery, aerobic base and extra calorie burn.","liss",{"title":560,"description":561,"slug":562,"ref":562},"Lean bulk","A lean bulk is a slow, controlled surplus aimed at maximizing muscle gain while limiting fat gain.","lean-bulk",{"title":564,"description":565,"slug":566,"ref":566},"Lean mass","Lean mass is everything in your body except fat: muscles, bones, organs, water. A real performance indicator.","lean-mass",{"title":568,"description":569,"slug":570,"ref":570},"Linear periodization","Linear periodization progresses from higher volume/lower intensity toward lower volume/higher intensity over weeks.","linear-periodization",{"title":5,"description":303,"slug":13,"ref":13},{"title":573,"description":574,"slug":575,"ref":575},"Macrocycle","A macrocycle is the global organization of your training over 3-12 months. The highest level of periodization, your annual game plan.","macrocycle",{"title":577,"description":578,"slug":579,"ref":579},"Macronutrients (Macros)","Macronutrients are the 3 main types of nutrients: proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Their balance is crucial for performance and body composition.","macronutrients-macros",{"title":195,"description":581,"slug":582,"ref":582},"Maintenance is the calorie level at which your weight remains stable. The neutral baseline for any nutritional strategy.","maintenance",{"title":584,"description":585,"slug":586,"ref":586},"Mass gain","Mass gain (or bulk) is a controlled caloric surplus phase aimed at building muscle. Discover how to do it without gaining excess fat.","mass-gain",{"title":588,"description":589,"slug":590,"ref":590},"Meal timing","Meal timing is the strategic distribution of your meals around training and through the day to optimize performance and recovery.","meal-timing",{"title":592,"description":593,"slug":594,"ref":594},"Mesocycle","A mesocycle is a 4-8 week training block with a specific objective (hypertrophy, strength, peak, deload). The cornerstone of periodization.","mesocycle",{"title":596,"description":597,"slug":598,"ref":598},"Microcycle","A microcycle is the smallest planning unit in bodybuilding: generally 1 week of training. This is your weekly routine.","microcycle",{"title":600,"description":601,"slug":602,"ref":602},"Mind-muscle connection","Mind-muscle connection is the intentional focus on feeling the target muscle contract — useful for hypertrophy technique and isolation work.","mind-muscle-connection",{"title":604,"description":605,"slug":606,"ref":606},"Mobility","Mobility is the ability to actively control range of motion. Find out how to improve your mobility to optimize your performance.","mobility",{"title":608,"description":609,"slug":610,"ref":610},"Muscle failure","Muscle failure is the point where you cannot complete another clean rep with the target technique — RIR 0 / RPE 10.","muscle-failure",{"title":612,"description":613,"slug":614,"ref":614},"Muscle mass","Muscle mass is the total weight of muscles in the body. Key indicator of strength, metabolism, and longevity.","muscle-mass",{"title":616,"description":617,"slug":618,"ref":618},"Muscular Endurance Training","Muscular endurance training develops the ability to sustain prolonged effort. Light loads, high reps, short rests.","muscular-endurance-training",{"title":620,"description":621,"slug":622,"ref":622},"Muscular endurance","Muscular endurance is a muscle's capacity to sustain repeated or prolonged contractions without excessive fatigue. Foundation of many sports.","muscular-endurance",{"title":624,"description":625,"slug":626,"ref":626},"Muscular strength","Muscular strength is the maximum force a muscle (or group) can produce. The fundamental physical quality of any athlete.","muscular-strength",{"title":628,"description":629,"slug":630,"ref":630},"Myo-reps","Myo-reps is an intensification method: an activation set near failure, then mini-sets with short rests to accumulate effective reps.","myo-reps",{"title":632,"description":633,"slug":634,"ref":634},"NEAT","NEAT is the energy you burn through all your daily activities outside of training. The most underestimated lever of your body composition.","neat",{"title":636,"description":637,"slug":638,"ref":638},"Omega-3 fatty acids","Omega-3 fats (EPA/DHA) support general health; in athletes they are discussed for recovery and inflammation — food first, then supplements if needed.","omega-3",{"title":640,"description":641,"slug":642,"ref":642},"Overreaching","Overreaching is a short-term performance drop from hard training that recovers with planned rest — unlike prolonged overtraining.","overreaching",{"title":644,"description":645,"slug":646,"ref":646},"Overtraining","Overtraining is a prolonged performance drop from excess stress without enough recovery — rarer than simple overreaching.","overtraining",{"title":648,"description":649,"slug":650,"ref":650},"PR - Personal Record","A PR (Personal Record) is your best performance ever on a movement. The fundamental progress marker.","pr-personal-record",{"title":652,"description":653,"slug":654,"ref":654},"Passive recovery","Passive recovery links on complete rest to allow the body to regenerate. Find out when and how to use it effectively.","passive-recovery",{"title":656,"description":657,"slug":658,"ref":658},"Periodization","Periodization is the cyclical organization of training into distinct phases to optimize progression, prevent plateaus, and avoid injuries.","periodization",{"title":660,"description":661,"slug":662,"ref":662},"Plateau","A plateau is a period of stagnation despite consistent training. Identifying the cause is the key to breaking it.","plateau",{"title":664,"description":665,"slug":666,"ref":666},"Post-workout","The post-workout is the nutrition right after training to optimize recovery and growth. Protein, carbs, hydration.","post-workout",{"title":668,"description":669,"slug":670,"ref":671},"Power (explosive strength)","Power is force × velocity — producing force quickly. Trained with intent, moderate loads moved fast, jumps/throws, and adequate rest.","power-training","power",{"title":673,"description":674,"slug":675,"ref":675},"Powerlifting","Powerlifting is a strength sport focused on maximal squat, bench press and deadlift — programming revolves around heavy compounds and peaking.","powerlifting",{"title":677,"description":678,"slug":679,"ref":679},"Pre-workout","The pre-workout is the meal or supplement taken before training to optimize performance. Energy, focus, and pump.","pre-workout",{"title":681,"description":682,"slug":683,"ref":683},"Progressive overload","Progressive overload is the foundational principle of training: gradually increasing the demand on your muscles to keep gaining strength and size.","progressive-overload",{"title":685,"description":686,"slug":687,"ref":687},"Protein","Protein is the essential macronutrient for building and repairing muscle. Discover your needs, the best sources and the optimal timing.","protein",{"title":689,"description":690,"slug":691,"ref":691},"Protein powder","Protein powders are concentrated protein supplements. Practical for hitting daily protein needs.","protein-powder",{"title":693,"description":694,"slug":695,"ref":695},"Push/Pull/Legs (PPL)","The Push/Pull/Legs program divides the workout into 3 types of sessions: push (chests/shoulders/triceps), pull (back/biceps) and legs. Optimal for all levels with frequency 2x/week per muscle.","push-pull-legs-ppl",{"title":697,"description":698,"slug":699,"ref":699},"RIR","RIR (Reps in Reserve) measures how many reps you have left before failure. Modern, intuitive tool to manage intensity.","rir-reps-in-reserve",{"title":701,"description":702,"slug":703,"ref":703},"RPE","RPE (Rate of Perceived Exertion) is a 1-10 scale to measure subjective effort. Essential tool for managing intensity.","rpe-rate-of-perceived-exertion",{"title":705,"description":706,"slug":707,"ref":707},"Range of motion (ROM)","Range of motion (ROM) is the amplitude through which a joint or muscle can move during an exercise. Crucial for hypertrophy and joint health.","range-of-motion-rom",{"title":709,"description":710,"slug":711,"ref":711},"Refeed","A refeed is a planned short increase in calories (often carbs) during a fat-loss phase to support training, hormones and adherence.","refeed",{"title":713,"description":714,"slug":715,"ref":715},"Repetitions (Reps)","A rep is one complete execution of an exercise. The rep range determines whether you primarily develop strength, hypertrophy, or muscular endurance.","repetitions-reps",{"title":717,"description":718,"slug":719,"ref":719},"Reps to failure (RTF)","RTF means performing reps until no clean rep remains; useful sparingly for hypertrophy, costly if overused on heavy compounds.","reps-to-failure",{"title":721,"description":722,"slug":723,"ref":723},"Rest","Rest between sets is critical and depends on the goal. Strength: 3-5 min. Hypertrophy: 1-3 min. Endurance: 30-60 sec.","rest",{"title":725,"description":726,"slug":727,"ref":727},"Rest day","A rest day is planned time off hard training so adaptation can occur; it can be full rest or very light activity.","rest-day",{"title":729,"description":730,"slug":731,"ref":731},"Rest-Pause","Rest-pause is an intensification method using ultra-short pauses to extend a set. Powerful tool for hypertrophy.","rest-pause",{"title":733,"description":734,"slug":735,"ref":735},"Sarcomere","The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of muscle. Composed of actin and myosin, it produces all your movements.","sarcomere",{"title":737,"description":738,"slug":739,"ref":739},"Series (Sets)","A series (or set) is a group of consecutive reps without rest. The basic unit of training programming.","series-sets",{"title":741,"description":742,"slug":743,"ref":743},"Sleep","Sleep is the most underrated training variable. It's during sleep that recovery, muscle building, and hormonal regulation happen.","sleep",{"title":745,"description":746,"slug":747,"ref":747},"Split (Split program)","A split workout involves dividing muscle groups over different days. The classic split trains each muscle once a week for 5-6 days.","split-split-program",{"title":749,"description":750,"slug":751,"ref":751},"Strength Training","Strength training aims to develop maximal strength using heavy loads (80-95% of 1RM) with few repetitions (1-6 reps).","strength-training",{"title":753,"description":754,"slug":755,"ref":755},"Stretching","Stretching improves flexibility and range of motion. Learn about the different types and how to effectively incorporate them into your routine.","stretching",{"title":757,"description":758,"slug":759,"ref":759},"Superset","A superset chains two exercises with no rest between them. Time-efficient method that boosts intensity and density.","superset",{"title":761,"description":762,"slug":763,"ref":763},"TDEE","TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure) represents your total daily energy expenditure. Find out how to calculate it precisely to optimize your results.","tdee",{"title":765,"description":766,"slug":767,"ref":767},"TUT - Time Under Tension","TUT (Time Under Tension) measures the total time the muscle is under load during a set. Key variable for hypertrophy.","tut-time-under-tension",{"title":769,"description":770,"slug":771,"ref":771},"Tabata","Tabata is a 4-minute HIIT protocol: 20 seconds max effort, 10 seconds rest, 8 rounds. Maximum efficiency in minimum time.","tabata",{"title":773,"description":774,"slug":775,"ref":775},"Tempo - Execution speed","Tempo is the controlled speed of each phase of a movement. Powerful tool to maximize stimulus and control.","tempo-execution-speed",{"title":777,"description":778,"slug":779,"ref":779},"Training density","Training density measures the amount of work done per unit of time. Increase it to boost intensity and metabolic stress.","training-density",{"title":781,"description":782,"slug":783,"ref":783},"Training frequency","Training frequency defines how many times per week you work a muscle. Discover the optimal frequency to progress.","training-frequency",{"title":785,"description":786,"slug":787,"ref":787},"Training intensity","Bodybuilding intensity measures the difficulty of the effort. Find out how to calculate it with % of 1RM, RPE, and RIR.","training-intensity",{"title":789,"description":790,"slug":791,"ref":791},"Training volume","Training volume represents the total amount of work performed. Discover the optimal volumes per muscle per week to progress.","training-volume",{"title":793,"description":794,"slug":795,"ref":795},"Type I muscle fibers","Type I fibers (slow-twitch) are endurance-oriented muscle fibers. Resistant to fatigue, they sustain prolonged efforts.","muscle-fibers-type-i",{"title":797,"description":798,"slug":799,"ref":799},"Type II muscle fibers","Type II fibers (fast-twitch) are powerful muscle fibers optimized for explosive efforts. Essential for strength and power.","type-ii-muscle-fibers",{"title":801,"description":802,"slug":803,"ref":803},"Undulating periodization","Undulating periodization varies volume and intensity frequently (daily or weekly) instead of long linear phases.","undulating-periodization",{"title":805,"description":806,"slug":807,"ref":807},"Upper/Lower","The Upper/Lower program divides training into upper body and lower body sessions over 4 days per week. Perfect balance between frequency (2x/week) and volume for all levels.","upper-lower",{"title":809,"description":810,"slug":811,"ref":811},"VO2 max","VO2 max is the maximum amount of oxygen your body can use during intense exercise. It's the gold standard of cardiovascular fitness.","vo2-max",{"title":813,"description":814,"slug":815,"ref":815},"Warm-up","A warm-up raises temperature, primes the nervous system and rehearses the session patterns before hard sets.","warm-up",{"title":817,"description":818,"slug":819,"ref":819},"Whey protein","Whey is a fast-digesting dairy protein powder, rich in leucine — a convenient way to hit daily protein targets.","whey-protein",{"title":821,"description":822,"slug":823,"ref":823},"Zone 2","Zone 2 is a moderate aerobic intensity (often ~60–70% HRmax) where you can talk in full sentences — foundation of endurance base.","zone-2",{"de":825,"en":13,"es":826,"fr":827,"it":828,"pt":829},"lipide-fette","lipidos-grasas","lipides","lipidi-grassi","lipidos-gorduras",1785169298352]